Class X

  Chapter 2 - Forest and Wildlife Resources Notes Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Conservation is vital since it will help us to protect our environment and protect our ecosystem which in turn helps to preserve the genetic diversity that the ecosystem has. The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, which made various provisions for protecting habitats. The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals, which were gravely threatened, including the tiger, the one horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, three types of crocodiles – fresh water crocodile, saltwater crocodile and the Gharial are some of the animals. The government has also provided partial or full legal protection to animals such as Indian elephants, black buck, snow leopard etc. to protect them from extinction.   Project Tiger The tiger population in 1973 declined to 1,827 from the estimated 55,000 and hence forced the authorities to t...

Chapter: Power Sharing   Q. Define the term Ethnic and brief about the ethnic composition of Belgium. Answer Ethnic means a social division based on shared culture and common descent. People belonging to an ethnic group may not necessarily share the same religion or nationality.   Belgium is a small country in Europe, having a population of a little over one crore. Its ethnic composition is as follows- 1. §     59 percent of the country’s total population lives in the Flemish region and speak Dutch language. 2. §     Another 40 percent of people live in the Wallonia region and speak French.The remaining one percent of the Belgians speak German. 3. §     In the Belgian capital, Brussels, 80 percent of the population is French-speaking and 20 percent is Dutch-speaking. 4. Remaining 1% of the Belgians speak German. 5. The minority French speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.   Q. Analyze how majoritariani...

 Chapter - Agriculture Q Distinguish between Rabi and Kharif Crops? Answer : Rabi Kharif 1. Rabi is sown in October-November. 1. It is sown with the onset of monsoon in June or early July. 2. The crops depend upon the moisture of sub-soil. 2. The crops depend upon monsoons. 3. The harvesting of crops is done in April-May. 3. The harvesting of crops is done in October-November. 4. The important crops are wheat, gram, mustard oil seeds, etc. 4. The important crops are rice, millets, maize, groundnut, jute, etc. Write main characteristics of ‘slash and burn’ or Primitive Subsistence Farming agriculture. Answer: ● This type of farming is practised in few pockets of India on small patches of land using primitive tools and family/community labour. ● Farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their families. ● When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. This type of shifting allows nature to r...

Chapter: Money and credit  Answer the following questions Q. What is Barter system? Explain this system with an example. Ans. Barter System: In a barter system where goods are directly exchanged without the use of money, double coincidence of wants is an essential feature. When both parties have to agree to sell, buy and ready to exchange each other’s commodities are called double coincidence of wants.    Example : A Shoe seller sells his shoe in exchange o f wheat. In this case, both parties i.e., shoe seller and wheat producers have to agree to sell and buy each other’s commodities. This is barter system and this system requires double coincidence of want. Q. Mention the short comings of the barter system that led to the evolution of money? Ans.  A. Exchanging of goods was difficult. Demand of two persons for each other’s commodity should have risen at the same time, other wise exchange was not possible. This is known as double coincidence of want. B. It is a time ...

Chapter 6 Political Parties Q. Describe the three components of a political party. Answer: Components of a political party are:  The leaders The leaders are recruited and trained by parties. They are made ministers to run the government. The big policy decisions are taken by the political executives that come from the political parties.  Active Members   Parties have lakhs of members and activists spread over the country. Many of the pressure groups are the extensions of political parties among different sections of society. But since most of the members belong to a party, they go by the direction of the party leadership, irrespective of their personal opinion.  The followers The followers are the ordinary citizens, who believe in the policies of their respective party and give popular support through elections. Often the opinion of the followers crystallise on the lines parties take. Q. Political parties are a necessary condition for a democracy”. Analyse the s...

 Chapter: Print and Culture Answer the following questions Many historians argued that the conditions within which French Revolution occurred were created by the print culture”. Support this statement with three suitable arguments. Answer: Following are the arguments which were given in support of the above statement: 1 Print popularised the ideas of enlightened thinkers like Voltaire and Rousseau, and those who read these books, started Question ing everything and developed critical and rational thinking.  2 These thinkers attacked the sacred authority of the Church and despotic power of the State. All existing values, norms and institutions, which were never Question ed earlier, were revalued through debates and discussions by the public in print. 3 By 1780s, there was an outpour of literature that mocked royalty and criticised their morality. The existing social order was criticised. Through cartoons and caricatures, they made people aware that while common people were goin...

 Mineral and Energy Resources Q Differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals with examples. Answer: Ferrous minerals: Ferrous minerals account for about three fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals. They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries. India exports substantial quantities of ferrous minerals to Japan and South Korea after meeting her internal demands. Non-ferrous minerals: India’s reserves and production of non-ferrous minerals is not very satisfactory. Non-ferrous minerals include copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and gold. They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical, engineering and electrical industries. Non-ferrous minerals like copper and bauxite are mainly found in Madhya Pradesh and Odisha respectively. Q Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.” Comment. (2011 OD) Answer: 1. Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a ship, all are made from minerals. ...