Class X

  POLITICAL PARTY  A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a political party.   FEATURES OF POLITICAL PARTY Various functions performed by the political parties in a democracy are following 1. Political parties contest elections to win the majority and form the government. 2. Political parties play a very important role in the making of the laws for the country. 3. Political party that wins majority in the elections forms the government and run the government such a party is called the ruling party. 4.Political party that loses the elections forms the opposition party it keeps a check on the ruling party. 5. The political parties form the important link between the public and the government. 6. They provide access to government machinery and welfare schemes.   WHAT IS THE NEED OF POLITICAL PARTIES? 1.  There is a need for political party so that the Welfare policies fo...

  NATIONALISM IN INDIA WHY GROWTH OF NATIONALISM IN THE COLONIES IS LINKED TO AN ANTI COLONIAL MOVEMENT? 1. The struggle against colonial government raised the feelings of nationalism among Indians. 2. The injustice done by the colonial power brought them together against the govt. 3. The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provided a shared bond that tied different groups together. .... HOW DID THE FIRST WORLD WAR HELP IN THE GROWTH OF NATIONAL MOVEMENT IN INDIA? 1. The First World War created a new political & economic situation. Heavy taxes were imposed on Indians to bear war expenditure. 2. Forced recruitment in the army raised the feeling of anger among Indians. 3. Acute shortage of food made the situations miserable. People wanted to get rid of that government. 4. All these circumstances raised the feelings of nationalism in the minds of Indian. IDEA OF SATYAGRAHA 1. Satyagraha means following the path of truth & non-violence to attain f...

 Mineral and Energy Resources Q Differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals with examples. Answer: Ferrous minerals: Ferrous minerals account for about three fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals. They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries. India exports substantial quantities of ferrous minerals to Japan and South Korea after meeting her internal demands. Non-ferrous minerals: India’s reserves and production of non-ferrous minerals is not very satisfactory. Non-ferrous minerals include copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and gold. They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical, engineering and electrical industries. Non-ferrous minerals like copper and bauxite are mainly found in Madhya Pradesh and Odisha respectively. Q Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.” Comment. (2011 OD) Answer: Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a ship, all are made from minerals. ...

Chapter 6  Q. Explain how do industries cause air pollution. Answer: Air pollution is caused by the industries in the following ways: The presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide in the smoke emitted from the industries causes air pollution. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in factories that ignore pollution norms. Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays, mist and smoke. Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects, e.g., Bhopal gas leak tragedy. Q. Suggest measures to control air pollution caused by industries. Answer: Measures to control air pollution: (i) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators etc. (ii) Equipments to control aerosol emissions can be used in industries, e.g., electros...